Empadronamiento is the process of registering with your community’s padrón (the city census roll). It is the official way of accrediting your presence in a particular community in Spain, regardless of your nationality or legal status.
If you plan to reside in Spain for a period longer than six months it is advisable to register with your local Ayuntamiento (Town or City Council).
To do so, you must present a document certifying your place of residence in Spain. You can obtain this document from your student residence or colegio mayor, from the owner of your flat (if you are renting accommodation) or from a member of the family with whom you are staying.